De l'aliénation mentale de l'enfant et de l'adolescent à la pédopsychiatrie dans les communications à la Société Médico-Psychologique de 1852 à 1937

Fondée en 1848, la Société Médico-Psychologique s'est donné pour but l'étude de la pathologie mentale et le perfectionnement de son traitement. François Arnaud (1858–1927), Claude-Étienne Bourdin (1815–1886), Michel Catsaras (1860–1939), Louis Delasiauve (1804–1893), Eugène Dally (1833–1887), Jules Fournet (1812–1888), Paul Garnier (1848–1905), Valentin Magnan (1835–1916), Jacques-Joseph Moreau de Tours (1805–1884), Emmanuel Régis (1855–1918), Paul Sollier (1861–1933), Édouard Toulouse (1865–1947), Auguste Voisin (1829–1898) et Jules Voisin (1844–1920), pour la plupart aliénistes, se sont succédé au cours du XIXe siècle à la tribune de la Société afin d'y présenter des observations d'enfants ou d'adolescents. D'autres aliénistes, neuropsychiatres puis pédopsychiatres, nourriront les séances des XXe et XXIe siècles par leurs communications portant sur la pathologie mentale du bébé à l'adolescent. Ces communications et leurs auteurs appartiennent à leur époque, mais aussi au lieu où elles ont émergé. Ainsi, au-delà de l'inventaire des thèmes abordés (la déficience, la démence précoce, l'encéphalite épidémique, l'autisme...) est esquissé ici un travail de contextualisation de 170 ans de communications de pédopsychiatrie à la Société Médico-Psychologique. In 1848, the Société Médico-Psychologique was founded. Its aims is to promote the study and improvement of mental pathology. During the 19th century, François Arnaud (1858–1927), Claude-Etienne Bourdin (1815–1886), Michel Catsaras (1860–1939), Louis Delasiauve (1804–1893), Eugène Dally (1833–1887), Jules Fournet (1812–1888), Paul Garnier (1848–1905), Valentin Magnan (1835–1916), Jacques-Joseph Moreau De Tours (1805–1884), Emmanuel Régis (1855–1918), Paul Sollier (1861–1933), Edouard Toulouse (1865–1947), Auguste Voisin (1829–1898) and Jules Voisin (1844–1920) were the alienists or not, French or foreigners who succeeded at the chair of the Société Médico-Psychologique. This later presented observations of children or teenagers. The communications and discussions but also the issues raised by the alienists, neuro-psychiatrists then child psychiatrists will contribute to the reflections of members of the Société Médico-Psychologique over the course of the last century. But, they also forced us to take a more perceptive look at the child's mental health. Its communications and their authors belong to their time and to a time or even a place where they emerged. Apart from to looking into the topics pursued (deficiency, dementia praecox, epidemic encephalitis, autism, etc.) concerning the infantojuvenile psychiatry, we will carry out a work of communications contextualization focused on the child's mental health at the Société Médico-Psychologique during 170 years. [ FROM AUTHOR]

[French clinical practice guidelines developed by a modified Delphi consensus process for oocyte vitrification in women with benign gynecologic disease]. / Indications de vitrification ovocytaire dans les pathologies gynécologiques bénignes : conseils de bonne pratique du CNGOF après étude de consensus par méthode Delphi.

OBJECTIVES: To provide clinical practice guidelines about fertility preservation (FP) for women with benign gynecologic disease (BGD) developed by a modified Delphi consensus process for oocyte vitrification in women with benign gynecologic disease. METHODS: A steering committee composed of 14 healthcare professionals and a patient representative with lived experience of endometriosis identified 42 potential practices related to FP for BGD. Then 114 key stakeholders including various healthcare professionals (n=108) and patient representatives (n=6) were asked to participate in a modified Delphi process via two online survey rounds from February to September 2020 and a final meeting. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, this final meeting to reach consensus was held as a videoconference in November 2020. RESULTS: Survey response of stakeholders was 75 % (86/114) for round 1 and 87 % (75/86) for round 2. Consensus was reached for the recommendations for 28 items, that have been distributed into five general categories: (i) Information to provide to women of reproductive age with a BGD, (ii) Technical aspects of FP for BGD, (iii) Indications for FP in endometriosis, (iv) Indications for FP for non-endometriosis BGD, (v) Indications for FP after a fortuitous diagnosis of an idiopathic diminished ovarian reserve. CONCLUSION: These guidelines provide some practice advice to help health professionals better inform women about the possibilities of cryopreserving their oocytes prior to the management of a BGD that may affect their ovarian reserve and fertility. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): The CNGOF (Collège National des Gynécologues Obstétriciens Français) funded the implementation of the Delphi process.

[Histopathological features due to the SARS-CoV-2]. / Les lésions histologiques associées à l'infection par le SARS-CoV-2.

The infection due to the SARS-CoV-2 leads lesions mainly observed at the respiratory tract level, but not exclusively. The analyses of these lesions benefited from different autopsy studies. Thus, these lesions were observed in different organs, tissues and cells. These observations allowed us to rapidly improve the knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with this emergent infectious disease. The virus can be detected in formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues using immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, molecular biology and/or electron microscopy approaches. However, many uncertainties are still present concerning the direct role of the SARS-CoV-2 on the different lesions observed in different organs, outside the lung, such as the heart, the brain, the liver, the gastrointestinal tract, the kidney and the skin. In this context, it is pivotal to keep going to increase the different tissue and cellular studies in the COVID-19 positive patients aiming to better understanding the consequences of this new infectious disease, notably considering different epidemiological and co-morbidities associated factors. This could participate to the development of new therapeutic strategies too. The purpose of this review is to describe the main histological and cellular lesions associated with the infection due to the SARS-CoV-2.

[COVID-19 and venous thromboembolism]. / COVID-19 et pathologie thromboembolique veineuse.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with an increased incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Frequently asymptomatic, VTE has a negative impact on patients clinical course. On top of traditional VTE risk factors encountered during COVID-19 such as prolonged bed rest, hypoxemia and intravascular material, main features of patients with severe forms (old age, obesity) explain in part the VTE frequency. In addition, COVID-19 causes an endothelial disease following endotheliitis after the direct invasion of endothelial cells and a prothrombotic state secondary to the strong inflammatory response to infection. Altogether, these mechanisms lead to an extensive immunothrombosis within the pulmonary vasculature. VTE risk stratification to prescribe adequate anticoagulation is an imperious requirement in the COVID-19 treatment. So far, guidelines are mainly based on observational data. Randomized controlled clinical trials are ongoing and will allow to precise the anticoagulant regiment of patients hospitalized for COVID-19.

[Point-of-care testing: place of France in the world National survey in healthcare establisments in 2019]. / Examens de biologie médicale délocalisée : place de la France dans le monde Enquête nationale en 2019 dans les établissements de santé.

The point-of-care tests (POCT) are subject to accreditation. A national inventory survey provides a synthesis of knowledge. The survey distributed 31 questions in 2019. 147 responses were received (75% biologists, 49% CHU, 42% CHG). Only 20.41% are accredited ISO22870, the majority for <50% of the medical departments; 70% say they are going there at the end of 2019 or in 2020. The maps are unknown for 32% (EBMD) and 82% (TROD). Visibility is poor with: medical establishment committee (40%), IT department (31%). Connection is necessary for 87-95% depending on the criterion (QC, authorizations, etc.) and 66% of answers highlight that less than 50% of connexion is effective. The major advantage is the delay of the result (62.5%), then the relationship with the health teams (33.3%). The disadvantages: difficulty of the quality approach (45%), cost of tests (34.3%). Human resource requirements are identified for technicians (82%) and biologists (76%). The multiplicity of sites, devices and operators means that it is difficult to set up and maintain. Biology outside the laboratories, under biological responsibility, must meet a rigorous imperative quality approach.